Broadband Angular Selectivity of Light at the Nanoscale: Progress, Applications and Outlook

TL;DR

This paper reviews advances in nanoscale light control focusing on broadband angular selectivity, exploring mechanisms, applications in solar energy and detection, and discussing future challenges and prospects.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive survey of mechanisms for broadband angular selectivity at the nanoscale and discusses potential applications and future challenges in the field.

Findings

Classifies mechanisms into geometrical optics, multilayer birefringent materials, and Brewster modes.

Highlights applications in solar energy harvesting and light detection.

Identifies key challenges and future directions in broadband angular selectivity.

Abstract

Humankind has long endeavored to control the propagation direction of light. Since time immemorial, shades, lenses and mirrors have been used to control the flow of light. In modern society, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the control of light is moving toward devices at micrometer and even nanometer scales. At such scales, traditional devices based on geometrical optics reach their fundamental direction limits and cease to work. Nano photonics, on the other hand, has attracted wide attention from researchers, especially in the last decade, due to its ability to manipulate light at the nanoscale. This review focuses on the nano photonics systems that aim to select light based on its propagation direction. In the first half of this review, we survey the literature and the current state of the art focused on enabling optical broadband angular selectivity. The mechanisms we review can be classified into three main categories: (i) microscale geometrical optics, (ii) multilayer birefringent materials and (iii) Brewster modes in plasmonic systems, photonic crystals and metamaterials. In the second half, we present two categories of potential applications for broadband angularly selective systems. The first category aims at enhancing the efficiency of solar energy harvesting, through photovoltaic process or solar thermal process. The second category aims at enhancing light extracting efficiency and detection sensitivity. Finally, we discuss the most prominent challenges in broadband angular selectivity and some prospects on how to solve these challenges.