Supernova 2014J at M82: II. Direct Analysis of Spectra Obtained with Isaac Newton and William Herschel Telescopes

TL;DR

This study provides a detailed spectral analysis of supernova SN 2014J over time, confirming its classification as a normal Type Ia supernova and tracking ion distributions in the ejecta using SYNOW modeling.

Contribution

It offers the first detailed spectral line identification and velocity distribution analysis of SN 2014J from early to late phases, using SYNOW to track ion presence and stratification.

Findings

SN 2014J is a relatively normal SN Ia.

Spectral features are dominated by Si II, S II, Mg II, Ca II early on.

Iron-group elements appear at later times, consistent with stratified models.

Abstract

We analyze a time series of optical spectra of SN~2014J from almost two weeks prior to maximum to nearly four months after maximum. We perform our analysis using the SYNOW code, which is well suited to track the distribution of the ions with velocity in the ejecta. We show that almost all of the spectral features during the entire epoch can be identified with permitted transitions of the common ions found in normal SNe Ia in agreement with previous studies. We show that 2014J is a relatively normal SN Ia. At early times the spectral features are dominated by Si II, S II, Mg II, and Ca II. These ions persist to maximum light with the appearance of Na I and Mg I. At later times iron-group elements also appear, as expected in the stratified abundance model of the formation of normal type Ia SNe. We do not find significant spectroscopic evidence for oxygen, until 100 days after maximum light. The +100 day identification of oxygen is tentative, and would imply significant mixing of unburned or only slight processed elements down to a velocity of 6,000 km/s. Our results are in relatively good agreement with other analyses in the IR. We briefly compare SN 2011fe to SN 2014J and conclude that the differences could be due to different central densities at ignition or differences in the C/O ratio of the progenitors.