A Luminous Yellow Post-AGB Star in the Galactic Globular Cluster M79

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of a luminous yellow PAGB star in globular cluster M79, highlighting its potential as a Population II standard candle due to its brightness and stable luminosity.

Contribution

It identifies and characterizes the brightest known PAGB star in a globular cluster, demonstrating its suitability as a standard candle for old stellar populations.

Findings

The star is the visually brightest in M79 and possibly in any GC.

It shows no variability in light or radial velocity, confirming cluster membership.

The star's luminosity aligns with PAGB evolutionary models, with core mass ~0.53 Msun.

Abstract

We report discovery of a luminous F-type post-asymptotic-giant-branch (PAGB) star in the Galactic globular cluster (GC) M79 (NGC 1904). At visual apparent and absolute magnitudes of V=12.20 and Mv=-3.46, this "yellow" PAGB star is by a small margin the visually brightest star known in any GC. It was identified using CCD observations in the uBVI photometric system, which is optimized to detect stars with large Balmer discontinuities, indicative of very low surface gravities. Follow-up observations with the SMARTS 1.3- and 1.5-m telescopes show that the star is not variable in light or radial velocity, and that its velocity is consistent with cluster membership. Near- and mid-infrared observations with 2MASS and WISE show no evidence for circumstellar dust. We argue that a sharp upper limit to the luminosity function exists for yellow PAGB stars in old populations, making them excellent candidates for Population II standard candles, which are four magnitudes brighter than RR Lyrae variables. Their luminosities are consistent with the stars being in a PAGB evolutionary phase, with core masses of ~0.53 Msun. We also detected four very hot stars lying above the horizontal branch ("AGB-manqu'e" stars); along with the PAGB star, they are the brightest objects in M79 in the near ultraviolet. In an Appendix, we give periods and light curves for five variables in M79: three RR Lyrae stars, a Type II Cepheid, and a semiregular variable.