Atom-driven multistability in an optomechanical cavity under broken PT-symmetry

TL;DR

This paper investigates multistability in an atom-filled optomechanical cavity with broken PT-symmetry, showing atoms can replace external laser driving and induce hysteresis cycles.

Contribution

It reveals how lossy atomic ensembles induce multistability and break PT-symmetry, demonstrating atoms can act as a driving force in optomechanical systems.

Findings

Multistability occurs with lossy atomic ensembles.

Broken PT-symmetry matches atomic and cavity modes.

Atoms can replace external laser driving, causing hysteresis.

Abstract

An optical field inside a Fabry-Perot cavity would exhibit multistability either when an atomic medium, acting as a classical dielectric, is filled into the cavity or when the cavity becomes optomechanical where one reflecting end becomes movable. An external laser is essential in both cases to drive the cavity mode out of the zero equilibrium state. We study the equilibrium states of an atom-filled optomechanical cavity, where the atoms are considered a collective two-level systems as well as an active component that replaces the role of the driving laser. Multistability is found when the atomic ensemble is lossy, for which the complex atom-photon coupling breaks the \mathcal{PT}-symmetry of the system Hamiltonian and matches in a periodic pattern to the frequencies and the linewidths of the cavity mode and the collective bosonic mode of the atoms. We show an input-output hystersis cycle between the atomic mode and the cavity mode to demonstrate the driving role the atoms replace an extra-cavity laser.