Detection of Remnant Dust Cloud Associated with the 2007 Outburst of 17P/Holmes

TL;DR

This study presents optical observations of 17P/Holmes one orbit after its 2007 outburst, revealing a remnant dust structure with high-velocity ejected grains, and estimates its mass and energy.

Contribution

It provides new detailed measurements of the remnant dust structure and ejection velocities, enhancing understanding of the 2007 outburst dynamics.

Findings

Detected a long, narrow dust structure extending beyond the field of view.

Estimated ejection velocities of >50 m/s for 1 mm-1 cm grains.

Total mass of ejecta estimated at (4-8) x 10^11 kg.

Abstract

This paper reports a new optical observation of 17P/Holmes one orbital period after the historical outburst event in 2007. We detected not only a common dust tail near the nucleus, but also a long narrow structure that extended along the position angle 274.6+/- 0.1 degree beyond the field of view of the Kiso Wide Field Camera, i.e., >0.2 degree eastward and >2.0 degree westward from the nuclear position. The width of the structure decreased westward with increasing distance from the nucleus. We obtained the total cross section of the long extended structure in the field of view, C= (2.3 +/- 0.5)x10^10 m^2. From the position angle, morphology and the mass, we concluded that the long narrow structure consists of materials ejected during the 2007 outburst. On the basis of the dynamical behavior of dust grains in the solar radiation field, we estimated that the long narrow structure would be composed of 1 mm-1 cm grains having an ejection velocity of >50 m/s. The velocity was more than one order of magnitude faster than that of millimeter - centimeter grains from typical comets around a heliocentric distance rh of 2.5 AU. We considered that sudden sublimation of a large amount of water ice (about 10^30 mol/s) would be responsible for the high ejection velocity. We finally estimated a total mass of M=(4-8)x10^11 kg and a total kinetic energy of E=(1-6)x10^15 J for the 2007 outburst ejecta, which are consistent with those of previous studies that conducted soon after the outburst.