Deep optical images of Malin 1 reveal new features

TL;DR

Deep optical imaging of Malin 1 with advanced noise reduction reveals new faint features, including spiral arms and possible interaction signs, significantly enhancing understanding of its morphology and size.

Contribution

First detailed optical image of Malin 1 revealing faint structures and features, surpassing previous imaging in clarity and detail.

Findings

Detection of faint spiral arms and features down to ~28 B mag arcsec-2

Identification of potential background galaxy and possible interaction stream

Revised diameter of Malin 1 to 160 kpc, larger than previous estimates

Abstract

We present Megacam deep optical images (g and r) of Malin 1 obtained with the 6.5m Magellan/Clay telescope, detecting structures down to ~ 28 B mag arcsec-2. In order to enhance galaxy features buried in the noise, we use a noise reduction filter based on the total generalized variation regularizator. This method allows us to detect and resolve very faint morphological features, including spiral arms, with a high visual contrast. For the first time, we can appreciate an optical image of Malin 1 and its morphology in full view. The images provide unprecedented detail, compared to those obtained in the past with photographic plates and CCD, including HST imaging. We detect two peculiar features in the disk/spiral arms. The analysis suggests that the first one is possibly a background galaxy, and the second is an apparent stream without a clear nature, but could be related to the claimed past interaction between Malin 1 and the galaxy SDSSJ123708.91 + 142253.2. Malin 1 exhibits features suggesting the presence of stellar associations, and clumps of molecular gas, not seen before with such a clarity. Using these images, we obtain a diameter for Malin 1 of 160 kpc, ~ 50 kpc larger than previous estimates. A simple analysis shows that the observed spiral arms reach very low luminosity and mass surface densities, to levels much lower than the corresponding values for the Milky Way.