Curing critical links in oscillator networks as power grid models

TL;DR

This paper introduces a non-local strategy for strengthening critical links in power grid networks to prevent large-scale blackouts, based on global load redistribution and bottleneck identification.

Contribution

It presents a novel non-local curing method that identifies and upgrades critical transmission lines using global network information, improving grid robustness.

Findings

Effective in random and real grid topologies

Outperforms local backup strategies

Independent of detailed grid dynamics

Abstract

Modern societies crucially depend on the robust supply with electric energy. Blackouts of power grids can thus have far reaching consequences. During a blackout, often the failure of a single infrastructure, such as a critical transmission line, results in several subsequent failures that spread across large parts of the network. Preventing such large-scale outages is thus key for assuring a reliable power supply. Here we present a non-local curing strategy for oscillatory power grid networks based on the global collective redistribution of loads. We first identify critical links and compute residual capacities on alternative paths on the remaining network from the original flows. For each critical link, we upgrade lines that constitute bottlenecks on such paths. We demonstrate the viability of this strategy for random ensembles of network topologies as well as topologies derived from real transmission grids and compare the nonlocal strategy against local back-ups of critical links. These strategies are independent of the detailed grid dynamics and combined may serve as an effective guideline to reduce outages in power grid networks by intentionally strengthen optimally selected links.