Theoretical description of the efficiency enhancement in DSSC sensitized by newly synthesized heteroleptic Ru complexes

TL;DR

This paper uses density-functional theory to analyze newly synthesized heteroleptic ruthenium dyes, explaining their improved efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells through electronic structure and absorption spectrum insights.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical framework for understanding the electronic and optical properties of new Ru-based dyes, highlighting the role of molecular engineering in performance enhancement.

Findings

Absorption spectra calculations align better with experiments using PBE0 functional.

Charge transfer occurs effectively to the anchoring ligand in new dyes.

Differences in electron lifetimes are linked to dye-iodine complex geometries.

Abstract

Recently, some new series of heteroleptic ruthenium-based dyes, the so-called RD dyes, were designed and synthesized showing better performances compared to the well-known homoleptic N719. In this work, using the density-functional theory and its time-dependent extension, we have investigated the electronic structure and absorption spectra of these newly synthesized dyes, and compared the results to those of N3 dye to describe the variations of the properties due to the molecular engineering of ancillary ligand. We have shown that the calculation results of the absorption spectra for these dyes using the PBE0 for the exchange-correlation functional are in a better agreement with the experiment than using B3LYP or range-separated CAM-B3LYP. We have also derived a formula based on the DFT and used it to visually describe the level shifts in a solvent. The higher $J_{sc}$ observed in these new dyes is explained by the fact that here, in contrast to N3, the excitation charge was effectively transferred to the anchoring ligand. Furthermore, we have shown that the difference dipole moment vectors of the ground and excited states can be used to determine the charge-transfer direction in an excitation process. Finally, the different electron lifetimes observed in these dyes is explained by investigating the adsorption geometries and the relative orientations of iodine molecules in different ``dye$\cdots$I$_2$'' complexes.