Simulation of Single Crystal Growth: Heat and Mass Transfer

TL;DR

This paper reviews heat transfer mechanisms and modeling challenges in the simulation of single crystal growth, emphasizing optical properties and validation issues for research and industrial applications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of heat and mass transfer modeling in single crystal growth, highlighting the importance of optical properties and validation procedures.

Findings

Optical properties significantly influence heat transfer in crystal growth.

Differences exist between research and industrial simulation codes.

Validation and verification are crucial for reliable simulations.

Abstract

The heat transfer (conductive, convective, radiative) and the related problems (the unknown phase boundary fluid/crystal, the assessment of the quality of the grown crystals) encountered in the melt and vapour growth of single crystal as well as the corresponding macroscopic models are reviewed. The importance of the adequate description of the optical crystal properties (semitransparency, absorption, scattering, refraction, diffuse and specular reflecting surfaces) and their effect on the heat transfer is stressed. The problems of the code verification and validation are discussed; differences between the crystal growth simulation codes intended for the research and for the industrial applications are indicated.