Equivalence Principle in Chameleon Models

TL;DR

This paper develops a new method to analyze how chameleon fields affect the Weak Equivalence Principle, revealing that certain parameter choices lead to detectable violations and setting new constraints on these models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach for computing chameleon-induced forces considering both bodies, refining previous approximations and deriving new experimental constraints.

Findings

Force depends on test body composition in the thin shell regime

New constraints on chameleon model parameters from E"otv"os experiments

Some parameter choices predict larger violations than previously estimated

Abstract

Most theories that predict time and/or space variation of fundamental constants also predict violations of the Weak Equivalence Principle. In 2004 Khoury and Weltman proposed the so called chameleon field arguing that it could help avoiding experimental bounds on the WEP while having a non-trivial cosmological impact. In this paper we revisit the extent to which these expectations continue to hold as we enter the regime of high precision tests. The basis of the study is the development of a new method for computing the force between two massive bodies induced by the chameleon field which takes into account the influence on the field by both, the large and the test bodies. We confirm that in the thin shell regime the force does depend non-trivially on the test body\' s composition, even when the chameleon coupling constants are universal. We also propose a simple criterion based on energy minimization, that we use to determine which of the approximations used in computing the scalar field in a two body problem is better in each specific regime. As an application of our analysis we then compare the resulting differential acceleration of two test bodies with the corresponding bounds obtained from E\"otv\"os type experiments. We consider two setups: 1) an Earth based experiment where the test bodies are made of Be and Al; 2) the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment. We find that for some choices of the free parameters of the chameleon model the predictions of the E\"otv\"os parameter are larger than some of the previous estimates. As a consequence, we put new constrains on these free parameters. An important result of our analysis is that our approach leads to new constraints on the parameter space of the chameleon models.