Cosmology and Quantum Field Theory: A study of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model

TL;DR

This paper explores the cosmological implications of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, focusing on its potential role in explaining dark energy and dark matter through quantum symmetry breaking and fermion condensates.

Contribution

It investigates the NJL model's cosmological dynamics and its possible connection to dark energy and dark matter within a gravitational framework.

Findings

NJL model exhibits symmetry breaking leading to fermion condensates.

Fermion condensates can be described by an effective scalar field.

Potential link between NJL dynamics and dark energy/dark matter phenomena.

Abstract

We review the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (NJL), proposed long time ago, as a four-fermion interaction theory with chiral symmetry. The theory is not renormalizable and presents a symmetry breaking due to quantum corrections which depends on the strength of the coupling constant. We may associate a phase transition with this symmetry breaking, leading from a fermion massless states to fermion condensates. This condensates can be described effectively by a scalar field. We are interested in this paper in the cosmological dynamics of the NJL model, and in the possibility that it can be related to dark energy and/or dark matter, which form up to 95% of the energy content of the universe at present time. We consider exclusively gravitational interaction between the NJL and the SM particles.