Introducing a new 3D dynamical model for barred galaxies

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new 3D dynamical model for barred galaxies, analyzing how various parameters influence orbital chaos and order, and demonstrating its ability to realistically simulate spiral structures.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel simple dynamical model for the bar in galaxies and explores its impact on orbital dynamics and galaxy morphology.

Findings

Regions of ordered and chaotic motion depend on model parameters.

The new bar model can simulate the formation of twin spiral structures.

The model effectively describes the evolution of barred galaxy features.

Abstract

The regular or chaotic dynamics of an analytical realistic three dimensional model composed of a spherically symmetric central nucleus, a bar and a flat disk is investigated. For describing the properties of the bar we introduce a new simple dynamical model and we explore the influence on the character of orbits of all the involved parameters of it, such as the mass and the scale length of the bar, the major semi-axis and the angular velocity of the bar as well as the energy. Regions of phase space with ordered and chaotic motion are identified in dependence on these parameters and for breaking the rotational symmetry. First we study in detail the dynamics in the invariant plane $z = p_z = 0$ using the Poincar\'e map as a basic tool and then we study the full 3 dimensional case using the SALI method as principal tool for distinguishing between order and chaos. We also present strong evidence obtained through the numerical simulations that our new bar model can realistically describe the formation and the evolution of the observed twin spiral structure in barred galaxies.