Extended slow dynamical regime close to the many-body localization transition

TL;DR

This paper explores how proximity to many-body localization affects dynamics in the ergodic phase, revealing sub-ballistic entanglement growth and anomalous relaxation as signatures of a slow dynamical regime.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of an extended slow dynamical regime near the MBL transition with disorder-dependent exponents, using exact Krylov space techniques.

Findings

Sub-ballistic entanglement growth with disorder-dependent exponent z

Anomalous relaxation of spin imbalance with exponent ζ

Clear experimental signatures for non-conventional dynamics

Abstract

Many-body localization is characterized by a slow logarithmic growth of the entanglement entropy after a global quantum quench while the local memory of an initial density imbalance remains at infinite time. We investigate how much the proximity of a many-body localized phase can influence the dynamics in the delocalized ergodic regime where thermalization is expected. Using an exact Krylov space technique, the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the random-field Heisenberg chain is studied up to $L=28$ sites, starting from an initially unentangled high-energy product state. Within most of the delocalized phase, we find a sub-ballistic entanglement growth $S(t)\propto t^{1/z}$ with a disorder-dependent exponent $z\ge1$, in contrast with the pure ballistic growth $z=1$ of clean systems. At the same time, anomalous relaxation is also observed for the spin imbalance ${\cal{I}}(t)\propto t^{-\zeta}$ with a continuously varying disorder-dependent exponent $\zeta$, vanishing at the transition. This provides a clear experimental signature for detecting this non-conventional regime.