New Features of Gravitational Collapse in Anti-de Sitter Spacetimes

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex dynamics of gravitational collapse in anti-de Sitter spacetimes, revealing a series of critical points with discretely self-similar behavior and universal scaling laws for black hole formation.

Contribution

It uncovers the existence of a mass gap and universal power-law scaling in the black hole mass near critical points in AdS gravitational collapse.

Findings

Discretely self-similar critical points in AdS collapse.

Existence of a mass gap between branches.

Universal power-law scaling of apparent horizon mass.

Abstract

Gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field in spherically symmetric anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes presents a new phenomenology with a series of critical points whose dynamics is discretely self-similar as in the asymptotically flat case. Each critical point is the limit of a branch of scalar field configurations that have bounced off the AdS boundary a fixed number of times before forming an apparent horizon. We present results from a numerical study that focus on the interfaces between branches. We find that there is a mass gap between branches and that subcritical configurations near the critical point form black holes with an apparent horizon mass that follows a power law of the form $M_{AH}-M_{g} \propto (p_{c}-p)^{\xi}$, where $M_g$ is the mass gap and the exponent $\xi\simeq 0.7$ appears to be universal.