Patterning active materials with addressable soft interfaces

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the chaotic flows of an active gel can be controlled and organized into specific patterns by tuning the anisotropic viscosity of a contacting oil, enabling external regulation of biological activity in hybrid systems.

Contribution

It introduces a top-down method to control active gel flows using anisotropic viscosity of a contacting oil, advancing the design of externally conditioned active/passive systems.

Findings

Chaotic active gel flows can be regularized into organized patterns.

Anisotropic viscosity tuning directs flow orientation.

External magnetic fields can command passive oil configurations.

Abstract

Motor-proteins are responsible for transport inside cells. Harnessing their activity is key towards developing new nano-technologies, or functional biomaterials. Cytoskeleton-like networks, recently tailored in vitro, result from the self-assembly of subcellular autonomous units. Taming this biological activity bottom-up may thus require molecular level alterations compromising protein integrity. Taking a top-down perspective, here we prove that the seemingly chaotic flows of a tubulin-kinesin active gel can be forced to adopt well-defined spatial directions by tuning the anisotropic viscosity of a contacting lamellar oil. Different configurations of the active material are realized, when the passive oil is either unforced or commanded by a magnetic field. The inherent instability of the extensile active fluid is thus spatially regularized, leading to organized flow patterns, endowed with characteristic length and time scales. Our finding paves the way for designing hybrid active/passive systems where ATP-driven dynamics can be externally conditioned.