Stripe glasses in ferromagnetic thin films

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that stripe glassiness in ferromagnetic thin films arises from the competition of magnetic interactions and is influenced by in-plane magnetic fields, aligning well with experimental observations.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical framework showing how out-of-plane anisotropy and magnetic fields induce stripe glass phases in magnetic thin films, matching experimental results.

Findings

Stripe glass phase exists within a narrow temperature range at zero field.

In-plane magnetic fields lower the glass transition temperature.

Moderate fields induce defects that trigger glassiness.

Abstract

Domain walls in magnetic multilayered systems can exhibit a very complex and fascinating behavior. For example, the magnetization of thin films of hard magnetic materials is in general perpendicular to the thin-film plane, thanks to the strong out-of-plane anisotropy, but its direction changes periodically, forming an alternating spin-up and spin-down stripe pattern. The latter is stabilized by the competition between the ferromagnetic coupling and dipole-dipole interactions, and disappears when a moderate in-plane magnetic field is applied. It has been suggested that such a behavior may be understood in terms of a self-induced stripe glassiness. In this paper we show that such a scenario is compatible with the experimental findings. The strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy of the film is found to be beneficial for the formation of both the stripe-ordered and glassy phases. At zero magnetic field the system can form a glass only in a narrow interval of fairly large temperatures. An in-plane magnetic field, however, shifts the glass transition towards lower temperatures, therefore enabling it at or below room temperature. In good qualitative agreement with the experimental findings, we show that a moderate in-plane magnetic field of the order of $30~{\rm mT}$ can lead to the formation of defects in the stripe pattern, which sets the onset of the glass transition.