Sensitivity study of (10,100) GeV gamma-ray bursts with double shower front events from ARGO-YBJ

TL;DR

This study explores the use of double front shower events in ARGO-YBJ to lower the energy detection threshold for gamma-ray bursts, evaluating the angular resolution and sensitivity improvements through simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a method to utilize small, non-triggered showers for enhanced gamma-ray burst detection at lower energies in ARGO-YBJ.

Findings

Double front events can lower the energy threshold to a few tens of GeV.

Angular resolution for double front events is effectively evaluated.

Sensitivity to GRBs varies with cutoff energy, duration, and zenith angle.

Abstract

ARGO-YBJ, located at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l., Tibet, China), is a full coverage air shower array, with an energy threshold of 300 GeV for gamma-ray astronomy. Most of the recorded events are single front showers, satisfying the trigger requirement of at least 20 particles detected in a given time window. However, in 13% of the events, two randomly arriving showers may be recorded in the same time window, and the second one, in generally smaller, does not need to satisfy the trigger condition. These events are called double front shower events. By using these small showers, well under the trigger threshold, the detector primary energy threshold can be lowered to a few tens of GeV. In this paper, the angular resolution that can be achieved with these events is evaluated by a full Monte Carlo simulation. The ARGO-YBJ sensitivity in detecting gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by using double front shower events is also studied for various cutoff energies, time durations, and zenith angles of GRBs in the field view of ARGO.