Dark Matter from the vector of SO(10)

TL;DR

This paper explores how SO(10) grand unified theories naturally produce stable dark matter candidates in the form of new fermions, with their properties and detection prospects analyzed within a specific symmetry breaking framework.

Contribution

It introduces new fermions in vector representations of SO(10) and analyzes their stability, mass splitting, and detection constraints within a minimal symmetry breaking scenario.

Findings

Lightest new states are two Dirac fermions from neutral components of 10's.

Mass splitting due to loop corrections involving W_R suppresses inelastic scattering.

Upper limit on W_R mass is approximately 25 TeV to evade direct detection.

Abstract

SO(10) grand unified theories can ensure the stability of new particles in terms of the gauge group structure itself, and in this respect are well suited to accommodate dark matter (DM) candidates in the form of new stable massive particles. We introduce new fermions in two vector 10 representations. When SO(10) is broken to the standard model by a minimal 45 + 126 + 10 scalar sector with $SU(3)_C \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes SU(2)_R\otimes U(1)_{B-L}$ as intermediate symmetry group, the resulting lightest new states are two Dirac fermions corresponding to combinations of the neutral members of the $SU(2)_L$ doublets in the 10's, which get splitted in mass by loop corrections involving $W_R$. The resulting lighter mass eigenstate is stable, and has only non-diagonal $Z_{L,R}$ neutral current couplings to the heavier neutral state. Direct detection searches are evaded if the mass splitting is sufficiently large to suppress kinematically inelastic light-to-heavy scatterings. By requiring that this condition is satisfied, we obtain the upper limit $M_{W_R} \lesssim 25$ TeV.