Hierarchical Codebook Design for Beamforming Training in Millimeter-Wave Communication

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel hierarchical codebook design for beamforming training in millimeter-wave communication, improving search efficiency and performance by leveraging sub-array and antenna deactivation techniques.

Contribution

It proposes two fundamental criteria for hierarchical codebook design and develops an efficient codebook with closed-form expressions, outperforming existing methods.

Findings

Proposed codebook shows superior performance in simulations.

Joint use of sub-array and deactivation techniques enhances beam search.

Closed-form expressions simplify codebook generation.

Abstract

In millimeter-wave communication, large antenna arrays are required to achieve high power gain by steering towards each other with narrow beams, which poses the problem to efficiently search the best beam direction in the angle domain at both Tx and Rx sides. As the exhaustive search is time consuming, hierarchical search has been widely accepted to reduce the complexity, and its performance is highly dependent on the codebook design. In this paper, we propose two basic criteria for the hierarchical codebook design, and devise an efficient hierarchical codebook by jointly exploiting sub-array and deactivation (turning-off) antenna processing techniques, where closed-form expressions are provided to generate the codebook. Performance evaluations are conducted under different system and channel models. Results show superiority of the proposed codebook over the existing alternatives.