The evolution of the equivalent width of the Ha emission line and specific star-formation rate in star-forming galaxies at 1<z<5

TL;DR

This study investigates how the equivalent width of the Halpha emission line and the specific star-formation rate evolve in star-forming galaxies from redshift 1 to 5, finding a consistent relationship and modest evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a spectral energy distribution fitting method to estimate EW(Ha) at high redshift and demonstrates its effectiveness compared to spectroscopic measurements.

Findings

EW(Ha) evolves modestly with redshift, reaching ~301 Angstroms at z~4.5.

EW(Ha) and sSFR evolve similarly as (1+z)^(1.0+/-0.2).

EW(Ha) can serve as an independent tracer of sSFR up to z=5.

Abstract

We present the results of a study which uses spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to investigate the evolution of the equivalent width (EW) of the Halpha emission line in star-forming galaxies over the redshift interval 1<z<5. After first demonstrating the ability of our SED-fitting technique to recover EW(Ha) using a sample of galaxies at z~1.3 with EW(Ha) measurements from 3D-HST grism spectroscopy, we proceed to apply our technique to samples of spectroscopically confirmed and photometric-redshift selected star-forming galaxies at z>=1 in the CANDELS UDS and GOODS-S fields. Confining our analysis to a constant stellar mass range (9.5<log(M/Msun)<10.5), we find that the median EW(Ha) evolves only modestly with redshift, reaching a rest-frame value of EW(Ha)=301+/-30 Angs by redshift z~4.5. Furthermore, using estimates of star-formation rate (SFR) based on both UV luminosity and Ha line flux, we use our galaxy samples to compare the evolution of EW(Ha) and specific star-formation rate (sSFR). Our results indicate that over the redshift range 1<z<5, the evolution displayed by EW(Ha) and sSFR is consistent, and can be adequately parameterized as: propto (1+z)^(1.0+/-0.2). As a consequence, over this redshift range we find that the sSFR and rest-frame EW(Ha) of star-forming galaxies with stellar masses M~10^(10) Msun are related by: EW(Ha)/Ang=(63+/-7)sSFR/Gyr^(-1). Given the current uncertainties in measuring the SFRs of high-redshift galaxies, we conclude that EW(Ha) provides a useful independent tracer of sSFR for star-forming galaxies out to redshifts of z=5.