Volcanoes muon imaging using Cherenkov telescopes
Osvaldo Catalano, Melania Del Santo, Teresa Mineo, Giancarlo Cusumano,, Maria Concetta Maccarone, Giovanni Pareschi

TL;DR
This paper proposes a novel muon imaging technique using Cherenkov telescopes to study volcano interiors, offering higher sensitivity and resolution than traditional methods, demonstrated through simulations on Etna volcano.
Contribution
It introduces a new approach employing Cherenkov telescopes for muon radiography of volcanoes, enhancing sensitivity and spatial resolution over existing detection methods.
Findings
Achieves at least 10 times higher sensitivity than previous methods
Can resolve a 100-meter radius cavity inside a volcano in less than 4 days
Provides a limit on magma velocity of 5 meters per hour
Abstract
A detailed understanding of a volcano inner structure is one of the key-points for the volcanic hazards evaluation. To this aim, in the last decade, geophysical radiography techniques using cosmic muon particles have been proposed. By measuring the differential attenuation of the muon flux as a function of the amount of rock crossed along different directions, it is possible to determine the density distribution of the interior of a volcano. Up to now, a number of experiments have been based on the detection of the muon tracks crossing hodoscopes, made up of scintillators or nuclear emulsion planes. Using telescopes based on the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique, we propose a new approach to study the interior of volcanoes detecting the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic cosmic-ray muons that survive after crossing the volcano. The Cherenkov light produced along the muon…
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