The MicroBooNE Experiment and the Impact of Space Charge Effects

TL;DR

The paper discusses the MicroBooNE experiment's use of Liquid Argon TPC technology, focusing on simulating and calibrating space charge effects caused by cosmic rays to ensure accurate data interpretation.

Contribution

It introduces methods for simulating and calibrating space charge effects in MicroBooNE's LArTPC detector, essential for precise neutrino measurements and future detector development.

Findings

Space charge effects cause ~5% electric field distortion in MicroBooNE.

Calibration techniques using UV laser and cosmic muons effectively mitigate space charge distortions.

Successful calibration is crucial for the experiment's physics goals and future LArTPC applications.

Abstract

MicroBooNE is an experiment designed to both probe neutrino physics phenomena and develop the LArTPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) detector technology. The MicroBooNE experiment, which began taking data this year, is the first large LArTPC detector in the U.S. This experiment is the beginning of a path of detectors (both on the surface and underground) envisioned for the U.S. SBL (Short-BaseLine) and LBL (Long-BaseLine) programs. In order to interpret the data from the experiments on the surface, the impact of space charge effects must be simulated and calibrated. The space charge effect is the build-up of slow-moving positive ions in a detector due to, for instance, ionization from cosmic rays, leading to a distortion of the electric field within the detector. This effect leads to a displacement in the reconstructed position of signal ionization electrons in LArTPC detectors. The LArTPC utilized in the MicroBooNE experiment is expected to be modestly impacted from the space charge effect, with the electric field magnitude changing by roughly 5\% (at a drift field of 500 V/cm) in some locations within the TPC. We discuss the simulation of the space charge effect at MicroBooNE as well as calibration techniques that make use of a UV laser system and cosmic muon events. A successful calibration of the space charge effect is imperative both to the success of the MicroBooNE physics program as well as to the development of LArTPC technology for future experiments.