A short review on techniques for processes and process simulation of scaffold-free tissue engineering

TL;DR

This paper reviews current tissue engineering processes and highlights two key simulation techniques, CPM and CPD, for predicting the steady state geometry and properties of scaffold-free printed tissues.

Contribution

It provides an overview of tissue engineering methods and compares two important simulation techniques, CPM and CPD, for modeling tissue formation.

Findings

CPM and CPD are effective for predicting tissue geometry.

The review summarizes advances in tissue process simulation.

Simulation techniques help in understanding tissue development.

Abstract

The invention of three-dimensional printers has led to major innovations in tissue engineering. They have enabled the printing of complex geometries such as those that occur in natural tissues, that were not possible with traditional manufacturing techniques. Tissue engineering in particular deals with printing bio-compatible material that may be infused with live cells. Thus additional complexity is incurred because the live cells can migrate and proliferate and thus change the printed geometry. One of the important issues is the prediction of geometry and possibly mechanical properties of the steady state tissue. In this short review, we will provide an overview of different tissue engineering processes that are currently available. Furthermore, we will review two important techniques, namely, Cellular Potts Model (CPM), and Cellular Particle Dynamics (CPD) that have been used to predict the steady state of printed tissue.