Generalisation of the Yang-Mills Theory

TL;DR

This paper proposes an extension of Yang-Mills theory to include tensor gauge fields of arbitrary spins, leading to a potentially unified and conformally invariant framework that impacts high-energy physics and the understanding of hadron structure.

Contribution

It introduces a novel extension of gauge symmetry incorporating tensor fields, resulting in a new class of asymptotically free, conformally invariant theories with implications for unification and hadron composition.

Findings

Calculated scattering amplitudes for tensor gauge bosons.

Found the beta function contribution is negative, indicating asymptotic freedom.

Suggests the existence of tensorgluons inside hadrons, affecting proton structure.

Abstract

We suggest an extension of the gauge principle which includes tensor gauge fields. In this extension of the Yang-Mills theory the vector gauge boson becomes a member of a bigger family of gauge bosons of arbitrary large integer spins. The proposed extension is essentially based on the extension of the Poincar\'e algebra and the existence of an appropriate transversal representations. The invariant Lagrangian is expressed in terms of new higher-rank field strength tensors. It does not contain higher derivatives of tensor gauge fields and all interactions take place through three- and four-particle exchanges with a dimensionless coupling constant. We calculated the scattering amplitudes of non-Abelian tensor gauge bosons at tree level, as well as their one-loop contribution into the Callan-Symanzik beta function. This contribution is negative and corresponds to the asymptotically free theory. Considering the contribution of tensorgluons of all spins into the beta function we found that it is leading to the theory which is conformally invariant at very high energies. The proposed extension may lead to a natural inclusion of the standard theory of fundamental forces into a larger theory in which vector gauge bosons, leptons and quarks represent a low-spin subgroup. We consider a possibility that inside the proton and, more generally, inside hadrons there are additional partons - tensorgluons, which can carry a part of the proton momentum. The extension of QCD influences the unification scale at which the coupling constants of the Standard Model merge, shifting its value to lower energies.