Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the Husimi lattice

TL;DR

This study uses tensor-network methods to explore the ground states of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the Husimi lattice, revealing diverse quantum phases depending on the spin quantum number.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of how the ground state nature varies with spin quantum number using advanced tensor-network techniques.

Findings

For S=1/2, the ground state is a gapless quantum spin liquid.

For S=1, it is a gapped, non-magnetic trimerized state.

For S=2, it is a gapped simplex-solid state with no symmetry-breaking.

Abstract

We perform a systematic study of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the Husimi lattice using numerical tensor-network methods based on Projected Entangled Simplex States (PESS). The nature of the ground state varies strongly with the spin quantum number, $S$. For $S = 1/2$, it is an algebraic (gapless) quantum spin liquid. For $S = 1$, it is a gapped, non-magnetic state with spontaneous breaking of triangle symmetry (a trimerized simplex-solid state). For $S = 2$, it is a simplex-solid state with a spin gap and no symmetry-breaking; both integer-spin simplex-solid states are characterized by specific degeneracies in the entanglement spectrum. For $S = 3/2$, and indeed for all spin values $S \ge 5/2$, the ground states have $120$-degree antiferromagnetic order. In a finite magnetic field, we find that, irrespective of the value of $S$, there is always a plateau in the magnetization at $m = 1/3$.