Thermodynamics of Three-dimensional Black Holes via Charged Particle Absorption

TL;DR

This paper investigates how adding a charged particle affects the thermodynamics of (2+1)-dimensional charged black holes, confirming the second law and analyzing changes in extremal conditions.

Contribution

It demonstrates the thermodynamic effects of charged particle absorption on (2+1)-dimensional black holes and explores the transition from extremal to non-extremal states.

Findings

Entropy increases with particle absorption.

The black hole's mass increases more than its charge.

Extremal black holes become non-extremal after absorption.

Abstract

We have shown that changes occur in a (2+1)-dimensional charged black hole by adding a charged probe. The particle increases the entropy of the black hole and guarantees the second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is derived from the change in the black hole mass. Using the particle absorption, we test the extremal black hole and find out that the mass of the extremal black hole increases more than the electric charge. Therefore, the outer horizon of the black hole still exists. However, the extremal condition becomes non-extremal.