Experimental Realization of a Reflective Optical Limiter

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the first experimental reflective optical limiter that reflects high-intensity laser radiation instead of absorbing it, using a layered structure with a GaAs defect layer to achieve broadband reflection at high intensities.

Contribution

It introduces a novel reflective optical limiter design based on layered materials with a defect mode, avoiding damage caused by absorption in traditional limiters.

Findings

Reflects high-intensity laser radiation effectively

Suppresses localized defect mode at high intensities

Operates within a broad frequency range covering the photonic band gap

Abstract

Optical limiters transmit low-intensity light, while blocking laser radiation with excessively high intensity or fluence. A typical passive optical limiter absorbs most of the high level radiation, which can cause irreversible damage. In this communication we report the first experimental realization of a reflective optical limiter, which does not absorb the high-level laser radiation, but rather reflects it back to space. The design is based on a periodic layered structure composed of alternating SiO2 and Si3N4 layers with a single GaAs defect layer in the middle. At low intensities, the layered structure displays a strong resonant transmission via the localized defect mode. At high intensities, the two-photon absorption in the GaAs layer suppresses the localized mode along with the resonant transmission, the entire layered structure turns highly reflective within a broad frequency range covering the entire photonic band gap of the periodic layered structure. By contrast, a stand-alone GaAs layer would absorb most of the high-level radiation, thus acting as a basic absorptive optical limiter. The proposed design can only perform at shortwave IR, where GaAs displays negligible linear absorption and very strong nonlinear two-photon absorption. With judicious choice of optical materials, the same principle can be replicated for any other frequency range.