Significant enhancement of compositional and superconducting homogeneity in Ti rather than Ta-doped Nb3Sn

TL;DR

Ti doping in Nb3Sn wires significantly improves chemical and superconducting homogeneity compared to Ta doping, leading to better high-field performance and more uniform superconducting properties.

Contribution

This study demonstrates that Ti doping yields more homogeneous Nb3Sn superconductors than Ta doping, with implications for optimizing superconductor performance.

Findings

Ti-doped samples have a narrower Tc distribution than Ta-doped samples.

Ti doping results in a higher extrapolated Hc2(0) by 2 Tesla.

Ti-doped samples maintain Tc above 12 K, avoiding the lowest Tc phases.

Abstract

Nb3Sn wires are now very close to their final optimization but despite its classical nature, detailed understanding of the role of Ta and Ti doping in the A15 is not fully understood. Long thought to be essentially equivalent in their influence on Hc2, they were interchangeably applied. Here we show that Ti produces significantly more homogeneous chemical and superconducting properties. Despite Ta-doped samples having a slightly higher Tc onset in zero-field, they always have a wider Tc-distribution. In particular, whereas the Ta-doped A15 has a Tc-distribution extending from 18 down to 5-6 K (the lowest expected Tc for the binary A15 phase), the Ti-doped samples have no A15 phase with Tc below 12 K. The much narrower Tc distribution in the Ti-doped samples has a positive effect on their in-field Tc-distribution too, leading to an extrapolated Hc2(0) 2 Tesla larger than the Ta-doped one. Ti-doping also appears to be very homogeneous even when the Sn content is reduced in order to inhibit breakdown of the diffusion barriers in very high Jc conductors. The enhanced homogeneity of the Ti-doped samples appears to result from its assistance of rapid diffusion of Sn into the filaments and by its incorporation into the A15 phase interchangeably with Sn on the Sn sites of the A15 phase.