Meson Spectroscopy at COMPASS

TL;DR

COMPASS is a CERN experiment that studies light mesons through diffractive dissociation, providing high-precision data on known resonances and searching for new states, including exotic and unusual resonances.

Contribution

This paper presents the first large data sample for light meson spectroscopy at COMPASS, enabling detailed analysis of known and new resonances, especially exotic states like the $a_1(1420)$.

Findings

High-precision measurements of known meson resonances.

Discovery of a new resonance-like signal, the $a_1(1420)$.

Analysis of exotic $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ states.

Abstract

The COmmon Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy (COMPASS) is a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) aimed at studying the structure and spectrum of hadrons. The two-stage spectrometer has a good acceptance for charged as well as neutral particles over a wide kinematic range and thus allows to access a wide range of reactions. Light mesons are studied with negative (mostly $\pi^-$) and positive ($p$, $\pi^+$) hadron beams with a momentum of 190 GeV/$c$. The spectrum of light mesons is investigated in various final states produced in diffractive dissociation reactions at squared four-momentum transfers to the target between 0.1 and 1.0 $(\text{GeV}/c)^2$. The flagship channel is the $\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ final state, for which COMPASS has recorded the currently largest data sample. These data not only allow to measure the properties of known resonances with high precision, but also to search for new states. Among these is a new resonance-like signal, the $a_1(1420)$, with unusual properties. Of particular interest is also the resonance content of the partial wave with spin-exotic $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ quantum numbers, which are forbidden for quark-antiquark states.