Electron spin control of optically levitated nanodiamonds in vacuum

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates control of electron spins in optically levitated nanodiamonds in vacuum, revealing pressure-dependent ESR enhancement and gas effects, advancing hybrid quantum systems for sensing and quantum mechanics studies.

Contribution

It introduces the first demonstration of electron spin control in levitated nanodiamonds in vacuum, exploring ESR enhancement and gas effects for quantum applications.

Findings

ESR strength increases as air pressure decreases

Different gases affect photoluminescence and ESR contrast

Internal temperature of nanodiamonds can be calibrated using ESR

Abstract

Electron spins of diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are important quantum resources for nanoscale sensing and quantum information. Combining NV spins with levitated optomechanical resonators will provide a hybrid quantum system for novel applications. Here we optically levitate a nanodiamond and demonstrate electron spin control of its built-in NV centers in low vacuum. We observe that the strength of electron spin resonance (ESR) is enhanced when the air pressure is reduced. To better understand this system, we investigate the effects of trap power and measure the absolute internal temperature of levitated nanodiamonds with ESR after calibration of the strain effect. We also observe that oxygen and helium gases have different effects on both the photoluminescence and the ESR contrast of nanodiamond NV centers, indicating potential applications of NV centers in oxygen gas sensing. Our results pave the way towards a levitated spin-optomechanical system for studying macroscopic quantum mechanics.