SN 2014J at M82: I. A middle-class type Ia supernova by all spectroscopic metrics

TL;DR

This paper provides a detailed spectroscopic analysis of SN 2014J in M82, classifying it as a relatively normal Type Ia supernova with intermediate properties between core-normal and broad-line groups.

Contribution

It offers comprehensive spectroscopic data and classification of SN 2014J, positioning it within established SN Ia subclasses and comparing it to SN 2011fe.

Findings

SN 2014J is a borderline core-normal and broad-line SN Ia.

SN 2014J follows the R(Si II)-Δm15 correlation, indicating normality.

Spectroscopic metrics reveal intermediate velocity gradient properties.

Abstract

We present the intensive spectroscopic follow up of the type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2014J in the starburst galaxy M82. Twenty-seven optical spectra have been acquired from January 22nd to September 1st 2014 with the Isaac Newton (INT) and William Herschel (WHT) Telescopes. After correcting the observations for the recession velocity of M82 and for Milky Way and host galaxy extinction, we measured expansion velocities from spectral line blueshifts and pseudo-equivalent width of the strongest features in the spectra, which gives an idea on how elements are distributed within the ejecta. We position SN 2014J in the Benetti (2005), Branch et al. (2006) and Wang et al. (2009) diagrams. These diagrams are based on properties of the Si II features and provide dynamical and chemical information about the SN ejecta. The nearby SN 2011fe, which showed little evidence for reddening in its host galaxy, is shown as a reference for comparisons. SN 2014J is a border-line object between the Core-normal (CN) and Broad-line (BL) groups, which corresponds to an intermediate position between Low Velocity Gradient (LVG) and High Velocity Gradient (HVG) objects. SN 2014J follows the R(Si II)-\Delta m15 correlation, which confirms its classification as a relatively normal SN Ia. Our description of the SN Ia in terms of the evolution of the pseudo-equivalent width of various ions as well as the position in the various diagrams put this specific SN Ia into the overall sample of SN Ia.