Polarization dependent tuning of the Hanle effect in the ground state of Cs

TL;DR

This study demonstrates polarization-controlled tuning of the Hanle effect in cesium vapor, enabling switchable magnetically induced absorption or transmission with extremely narrow linewidths, promising for precision measurements.

Contribution

It introduces a method to control the Hanle effect via polarization in cesium, supported by experimental and theoretical analysis, with significantly narrow linewidths achieved.

Findings

Hanle effect can be tuned between MIA and MIT by polarization change

Achieved linewidth of approximately 0.1 mG in cesium vapor

The technique is promising for high-precision magnetic measurements

Abstract

We demonstrate that the Hanle effect can be tuned between magnetically induced absorption (MIA) and magnetically induced transmission (MIT) simply by changing the polarization of the input laser beam. The experiments are done using closed hyperfine transitions of the $ \rm D_2 $ line of ${\rm ^{133}Cs}$ ---$ F_g = 3 \rightarrow F_e = 2 $ and $ F_g =4 \rightarrow F_e = 5 $. The former shows a transformation from MIT to MIA, while the latter shows the opposite behavior. A qualitative explanation based on optical pumping and coherences among the magnetic sublevels of the ground state is borne out by a detailed density-matrix calculation. To increase the coherence time, the experiments are done in a Cs vapor cell with paraffin coating on the walls. The observed linewidth is extremely narrow ($\sim 0.1$ mG) compared to previous work in this area, making this a promising technique for all kinds of precision measurements.