A quarter century of astrophysics with Japan

TL;DR

This paper reviews 25 years of Japanese-New Zealand astrophysics collaborations, highlighting projects from supernova observations to dark matter and exoplanet research using innovative techniques and significant discoveries.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of collaborative efforts and scientific achievements in astrophysics between Japan and New Zealand over 25 years.

Findings

Supernova observed in 1987 spurred international collaboration.

Detection of exotic free-floating planets outnumbering stars.

Successful use of gravitational microlensing to discover new planets.

Abstract

On February 23 1987 a supernova (exploding star) was observed in the Large Cloud of Magellan, the brightest supernova in 400 years. It spurred the commencement of collaborative research in astrophysics between Japan and New Zealand that is still ongoing after 25 years. The initial aim of the two countries was to search for evidence of cosmic rays being emitted by the supernova in a project named JANZOS. A large cosmic ray detector was installed near the summit of the Black Birch range in Marlborough to monitor the supernova but, after seven years of operations, the results proved to be negative. In 1994 a second phase of research was commenced, this time at the Mt John University Observatory in Canterbury under the emblem MOA. The aim of the MOA project is to study dark matter and extrasolar planets using a novel gravitational microlensing technique. A 1.8m telescope was built at the observatory, and several planets were subsequently found. Some have exotic properties, the most exotic being a new class of free-floating planets that appear not to be orbiting stars. They are estimated to outnumber stars by about two to one. In this article the work carried out by the JANZOS and MOA collaborations is reviewed, and plans for the future are outlined.