Non-Global Correlations in Collider Physics

TL;DR

This paper introduces a mutual information-based method to detect and analyze non-global correlations in collider physics, providing analytical and simulation insights into their origin and behavior.

Contribution

It presents a novel procedure using mutual information to isolate and study non-global correlations in collider measurements, applicable beyond the specific context.

Findings

Non-global correlations increase with non-perturbative effects.

Monte Carlo simulations effectively describe most non-global correlations.

The method connects to fundamental quantum field theory quantities.

Abstract

Despite their importance for precision QCD calculations, correlations between in- and out-of-jet regions of phase space have never directly been observed. These so-called non-global effects are present generically whenever a collider physics measurement is not explicitly dependent on radiation throughout the entire phase space. In this paper, we introduce a novel procedure based on mutual information, which allows us to isolate these non-global correlations between measurements made in different regions of phase space. We study this procedure both analytically and in Monte Carlo simulations in the context of observables measured on hadronic final states produced in $e^+e^-$ collisions, though it is more widely applicable. The procedure exploits the sensitivity of soft radiation at large angles to non-global correlations, and we calculate these correlations through next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. The bulk of these non-global correlations are found to be described in Monte Carlo simulation. They increase by the inclusion of non-perturbative effects, which we show can be incorporated in our calculation through the use of a model shape function. This procedure illuminates the source of non-global correlations and has connections more broadly to fundamental quantities in quantum field theory.