Superconductivity above the lowest Earth temperature in pressurized sulfur hydride

TL;DR

This paper reviews the discovery of superconductivity at 203 K in pressurized sulfur hydride, highlighting its significance and discussing theoretical mechanisms like Lifshitz transitions and shape resonances that may explain the high critical temperature.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of experimental and theoretical work on high-temperature superconductivity in sulfur hydride, emphasizing the role of Fermiology and multigap interactions.

Findings

Superconductivity observed at 203 K in pressurized sulfur hydride.

Lifshitz transitions and shape resonances are key to understanding high Tc.

Theoretical models suggest multigap and Feshbach resonance mechanisms.

Abstract

A recent experiment has shown a macroscopic quantum coherent condensate at 203 K, about 19 degrees above the coldest temperature recorded on the Earth, 184 K, in pressurized sulfur hydride. This discovery is relevant not only in material science and condensed matter but also in other fields ranging from quantum computing to quantum physics of living matter. It has given the start to a gold rush looking for other macroscopic quantum coherent condensates in hydrides at the temperature range of living matter 200<Tc<400K. We present here a review of the experimental results and the theoretical works and we discuss the Fermiology of H3S focusing on Lifshitz transitions as a function of pressure. We discuss the possible role of the shape resonance near a neck disrupting Lifshitz transition, in the Bianconi-Perali Valletta (BPV) theory, for rising the critical temperature in a multigap superconductor, as the Feshbach resonance rises the critical temperature in Fermionic ultracold gases.