The Transient Accereting X-Ray Pulsar XTE J1946+274: Stability of the X-Ray Properties at Low Flux and Updated Orbital Solution

TL;DR

This study analyzes the X-ray pulsar XTE J1946+274's spectral and timing properties during an outburst decline, updating its orbital parameters and examining the stability of its X-ray features across different luminosities.

Contribution

The paper provides an improved orbital solution and demonstrates the stability of the pulsar's X-ray properties over a range of luminosities, including the CRSF energy.

Findings

Orbital parameters of XTE J1946+274 are refined.

X-ray spectrum shows a stable CRSF at ~35 keV.

Pulse profile remains stable across luminosity variations.

Abstract

We present a timing and spectral analysis of the X-ray pulsar XTE J1946+274 observed with Suzaku during an outburst decline in 2010 October and compare with previous results. XTE J1946+274 is a transient X-ray binary consisting of a Be-type star and a neutron star with a 15.75 s pulse period in a 172 d orbit with 2-3 outbursts per orbit during phases of activity. We improve the orbital solution using data from multiple instruments. The X-ray spectrum can be described by an absorbed Fermi-Dirac cutoff power law model along with a narrow Fe K line at 6.4 keV and a weak Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature (CRSF) at ~35 keV. The Suzaku data are consistent with the previously observed continuum flux versus iron line flux correlation expected from fluorescence emission along the line of sight. However, the observed iron line flux is slightly higher, indicating the possibility of a higher iron abundance or the presence of non-uniform material. We argue that the source most likely has only been observed in the subcritical (non-radiation dominated) state since its pulse profile is stable over all observed luminosities and the energy of the CRSF is approximately the same at the highest (~$5 \times 10^{37} $erg s$^{-1}$) and lowest (~$5 \times 10^{36} $erg s$^{-1}$) observed 3-60 keV luminosities.