Dynamical Emergence of the Universe into the False Vacuum

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the early hot Universe evolves into a false vacuum state, supporting the false vacuum dark energy model by analyzing vacuum stability, temperature conditions, and domain wall dynamics.

Contribution

It demonstrates the conditions under which the Universe becomes frozen in a false vacuum and evaluates the stability of different vacuum states during cosmic evolution.

Findings

Universe becomes frozen in the false vacuum with the smallest Higgs vacuum field value.

Temperature thresholds for vacuum state swapping are identified.

Low mass vacuum remains energetically favored due to domain wall dynamics.

Abstract

We study how the hot Universe evolves and acquires the prevailing vacuum state, demonstrating that in specific conditions which are believed to apply, the Universe becomes frozen into the state with the smallest value of Higgs vacuum field $v=\langle h\rangle$, even if this is not the state of lowest energy. This supports the false vacuum dark energy $\Lambda$-model. Under several likely hypotheses we determine the temperature in the evolution of the Universe at which two vacuua $v_1, v_2$ can swap between being true and false. We evaluate the dynamical surface pressure on domain walls between low and high mass vaccua due to the presence of matter and show that the low mass state remains the preferred vacuum of the Universe.