Analytical and numerical study of dirty bosons in a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic trap

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation of Bose-glass regions in a quasi-one-dimensional disordered Bose-Einstein condensate using numerical, non-perturbative, and analytical methods to understand the effects of disorder on condensate structure.

Contribution

It extends existing theories to include harmonic confinement and combines numerical, non-perturbative, and variational approaches to analyze disorder effects in dirty bosons.

Findings

Mini-condensates form at the trap edges for weak disorder.

Intermediate disorder causes mini-condensates to appear at the trap center.

The study provides a comprehensive understanding of disorder-induced localization phenomena.

Abstract

The emergence of a Bose-glass region in a quasi one-dimensional Bose-Einstein-condensed gas in a harmonic trapping potential with an additional delta-correlated disorder potential at zero temperature is studied using three approaches. At first, the corresponding time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation is numerically solved for the condensate wave function, and disorder ensemble averages are evaluated. In particular, we analyse quantitatively the emergence of mini-condensates in the local minima of the random potential, which occurs for weak disorder preferentially at the border of the condensate, while for intermediate disorder strength this happens in the trap centre. Second, in view of a more detailed physical understanding of this phenomenon, we extend a quite recent non-perturbative approach towards the weakly interacting dirty boson problem, which relies on the Hartree-Fock theory and is worked out on the basis of the replica method, from the homogeneous case to a harmonic confinement. Finally, in the weak disorder regime we also apply the Thomas-Fermi approximation, while in the intermediate disorder regime we additionally use a variational ansatz in order to describe analytically the numerically observed redistribution of the fragmented mini-condensates with increasing disorder strength.