HEROIC: 3D General Relativistic Radiative Postprocessor with Comptonization for Black Hole Accretion Discs

TL;DR

HEROIC is an advanced 3D relativistic radiative post-processor that incorporates Comptonization, enabling detailed modeling of radiation and gas temperature in black hole accretion disks, with applications to various accretion flow scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces Comptonization into HEROIC, a 3D relativistic radiative post-processor, and demonstrates its effectiveness in modeling complex accretion disk environments.

Findings

Gas below the photosphere is nearly isothermal in 3D models.

Luminosity can exceed Eddington limit without relativistic beaming.

HEROIC accurately models relativistic effects in accretion flows.

Abstract

We describe HEROIC, an upgraded version of the relativistic radiative post-processor code HERO described in a previous paper, but which now Includes Comptonization. HEROIC models Comptonization via the Kompaneets equation, using a quadratic approximation for the source function in the short characteristics radiation solver. It employs a simple form of accelerated lambda iteration to handle regions of high scattering opacity. In addition to solving for the radiation field, HEROIC also solves for the gas temperature by applying the condition of radiative equilibrium. We present benchmarks and tests of the Comptonization module in HEROIC with simple 1D and 3D scattering problems. We also test the ability of the code to handle various relativistic effects using model atmospheres and accretion flows in a black hole space-time. We present two applications of HEROIC to general relativistic MHD simulations of accretion discs. One application is to a thin accretion disc around a black hole. We find that the gas below the photosphere in the multi-dimensional HEROIC solution is nearly isothermal, quite different from previous solutions based on 1D plane parallel atmospheres. The second application is to a geometrically thick radiation-dominated accretion disc accreting at 11 times the Eddington rate. The multi-dimensional HEROIC solution shows that, for observers who are on axis and look down the polar funnel, the isotropic equivalent luminosity could be more than ten times the Eddington limit, even though the spectrum might still look thermal and show no signs of relativistic beaming.