Multi-particle quantum dynamics under real-time observation

TL;DR

This paper develops a theoretical framework for understanding how real-time, spatially resolved measurements affect multi-particle quantum dynamics, showing that under certain conditions, measurement can preserve quantum correlations.

Contribution

It introduces a new model describing quantum many-body dynamics under real-time observation, highlighting the conditions for preserving quantum correlations during measurement.

Findings

Measurement can suppress positional decoherence in multi-particle systems.

Quantum correlations persist under minimally destructive real-time observation.

Numerical simulations demonstrate these effects in ultracold atoms in optical lattices.

Abstract

Recent developments in quantum gas microscopy open up the possibility of real-time observation of quantum many-body systems. To understand the dynamics of atoms under such circumstances, we formulate the dynamics under a real-time spatially resolved measurement and show that, in an appropriate limit of weak spatial resolution and strong atom-light coupling, the measurement indistinguishability of particles results in complete suppression of relative positional decoherence. As a consequence, quantum correlation in the multi-particle dynamics persists under a minimally destructive observation. We numerically demonstrate this for ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Our theoretical framework can be applied to feedback control of quantum many-body systems which may be realized in subwavelength-spacing lattice systems.