Dirac and Weyl Rings in Three Dimensional Cold Atom Optical Lattices

TL;DR

This paper proposes a realistic model for creating Dirac and Weyl rings in the single-particle band structure of cold atom optical lattices, expanding the possibilities for topological quantum materials in ultra-cold gases.

Contribution

It introduces a feasible scheme using Raman coupling to realize Dirac and Weyl rings in cold atom systems, including the effects of Zeeman fields and superfluidity.

Findings

Dirac rings can exist without Zeeman fields due to preserved symmetries.

Zeeman fields split Dirac rings into Weyl rings by breaking pseudo-time-reversal symmetry.

Dirac and Weyl rings are also found in the quasiparticle spectrum of superfluid Fermi gases.

Abstract

Recently three dimensional topological quantum materials with gapless energy spectra have attracted considerable interests in many branches of physics. Besides the celebrated example, Dirac and Weyl points which possess gapless point structures in the underlying energy dispersion, the topologically protected gapless spectrum can also occur along a ring, named Dirac and Weyl nodal rings. Ultra-cold atomic gases provide an ideal platform for exploring new topological materials with designed symmetries. However, whether Dirac and Weyl rings can exist in the single-particle spectrum of cold atoms remains elusive. Here we propose a realistic model for realizing Dirac and Weyl rings in the single-particle band dispersion of a cold atom optical lattice. Our scheme is based on previously experimentally already implemented Raman coupling setup for realizing spin-orbit coupling. Without the Zeeman field, the model preserves both pseudo-time-reversal and inversion symmetries, allowing Dirac rings. The Dirac rings split into Weyl rings with a Zeeman field that breaks the pseudo-time-reversal symmetry. We examine the superfluidity of attractive Fermi gases in this model and also find Dirac and Weyl rings in the quasiparticle spectrum.