Constrained evolution algebras and dynamical systems of a bisexual population

TL;DR

This paper introduces and analyzes constrained evolution algebras for bisexual populations with preference, studying their algebraic properties and associated dynamical systems to understand population dynamics and inheritance patterns.

Contribution

It develops new constrained algebra models for bisexual populations with preferences, analyzing their structure and dynamical behavior, including fixed and periodic points.

Findings

Identified fixed points and limit cycles in the dynamical systems

Characterized algebraic structures with preference constraints

Connected algebraic properties to biological interpretations

Abstract

Consider a bisexual population such that the set of females can be partitioned into finitely many different types indexed by $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ and, similarly, that the male types are indexed by $\{1,2,\dots,\nu \}$. Recently an evolution algebra of bisexual population was introduced by identifying the coefficients of inheritance of a bisexual population as the structure constants of the algebra. In this paper we study constrained evolution algebra of bisexual population in which type "1" of females and males have preference. For such algebras sets of idempotent and absolute nilpotent elements are known. We consider two particular cases of this algebra, giving more constrains on the structural constants of the algebra. By the first our constrain we obtain an $n+\nu$- dimensional algebra with a matrix of structural constants containing only 0 and 1. In the second case we consider $n=\nu=2$ but with general constrains. In both cases we study dynamical systems generated by the quadratic evolution operators of corresponding constrained algebras. We find all fixed points, limit points and some 2-periodic points of the dynamical systems. Moreover we study several properties of the constrained algebras connecting them to the dynamical systems. We give some biological interpretation of our results.