Neutrinos secretly converting to lighter particles to please both KATRIN and the cosmos

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new neutrino interaction model allowing neutrinos to convert into lighter particles, reconciling laboratory mass measurements with cosmological constraints by reducing their impact on cosmic structure formation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism where neutrinos convert to lighter particles via resonant production, relaxing cosmological bounds and aligning with upcoming experimental sensitivities.

Findings

Neutrino conversion reduces suppression of density fluctuations

Model aligns KATRIN experiment sensitivity with cosmological bounds

Resonant production occurs around keV temperatures in the early Universe

Abstract

Within the framework of the Standard Model of particle physics and standard cosmology, observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) set stringent bounds on the sum of the masses of neutrinos. If these bounds are satisfied, the upcoming KATRIN experiment which is designed to probe neutrino mass down to $\sim 0.2$ eV will observe only a null signal. We show that the bounds can be relaxed by introducing new interactions for the massive active neutrinos, making neutrino masses in the range observable by KATRIN compatible with cosmological bounds. Within this scenario, neutrinos convert to new stable light particles by resonant production of intermediate states around a temperature of $T\sim$ keV in the early Universe, leading to a much less pronounced suppression of density fluctuations compared to the standard model.