T-system on T-hook: Grassmannian Solution and Twisted Quantum Spectral Curve

TL;DR

This paper introduces a grassmannian formalism for solving T-systems on T-shaped lattices, generalizes the quantum spectral curve to twisted cases, and applies it to compute energies in AdS/CFT models.

Contribution

It develops a new grassmannian formalism for T-systems, extends the quantum spectral curve to twisted boundary conditions, and applies it to AdS/CFT spectral problems.

Findings

Reproduces known Wronskian solutions of Hirota equations.

Generalizes the quantum spectral curve to arbitrary twists.

Calculates gamma-twisted BMN vacuum energy at weak coupling.

Abstract

We propose an efficient grassmannian formalism for solution of bi-linear finite-difference Hirota equation (T-system) on T-shaped lattices related to the space of highest weight representations of $gl(K_1,K_2|M)$ superalgebra. The formalism is inspired by the quantum fusion procedure known from the integrable spin chains and is based on exterior forms of Baxter-like Q-functions. We find a few new interesting relations among the exterior forms of Q-functions and reproduce, using our new formalism, the Wronskian determinant solutions of Hirota equations known in the literature. Then we generalize this construction to the twisted Q-functions and demonstrate the subtleties of untwisting procedure on the examples of rational quantum spin chains with twisted boundary conditions. Using these observations, we generalize the recently discovered, in our paper with N. Gromov, AdS/CFT Quantum Spectral Curve for exact planar spectrum of AdS/CFT duality to the case of arbitrary Cartan twisting of AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ string sigma model. Finally, we successfully probe this formalism by reproducing the energy of gamma-twisted BMN vacuum at single-wrapping orders of weak coupling expansion.