Velocity-selective EIT measurement of potassium Rydberg states

TL;DR

This paper introduces a velocity-selective EIT measurement technique for potassium Rydberg states that reduces Doppler broadening, enabling precise spectroscopy and improved frequency measurements crucial for ultracold atom experiments.

Contribution

A novel velocity selection scheme for EIT that mitigates Doppler effects and improves the accuracy of Rydberg state frequency measurements in potassium vapor.

Findings

Achieved Doppler-free EIT signals using optical pumping and chopping techniques.

Measured transition frequencies with a two-fold improvement in uncertainty.

Determined the absolute frequency of the 4S$_{1/2}$ to 5P$_{1/2}$ transition with a 560 MHz shift from accepted values.

Abstract

We demonstrate a velocity selection scheme that mitigates suppression of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) by Doppler shifts for low--high EIT probe--coupling wavelength ordering. An optical pumping beam counter-propagating with the EIT probe beam transfers atoms between hyperfine states in a velocity selective fashion. Measurement of the transmitted probe beam synchronous with chopping of the optical pumping beam enables a Doppler-free EIT signal to be detected. Transition frequencies between 5P$_{1/2}$ and $n$S$_{1/2}$ states for $n=$26, 27, and 28 in $^{39}$K are obtained via EIT spectroscopy in a heated vapor cell with a probe beam stabilized to the 4S$_{1/2}\rightarrow$5P$_{1/2}$ transition. Using previous high-resolution measurements of the 4S$_{1/2}\rightarrow$nS$_{1/2}$ transitions, we make a determination of the absolute frequency of the 4S$_{1/2}\rightarrow$5P$_{1/2}$ transition. Our measurement is shifted by 560 MHz from the currently accepted value with a two-fold improvement in uncertainty. These measurements will enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases composed of $^{40}$K atoms.