An inhomogeneous singular perturbation problem for the $p(x)-$Laplacian

TL;DR

This paper investigates a singular perturbation problem for the variable exponent p(x)-Laplacian, establishing uniform regularity, passing to the limit, and characterizing the resulting free boundary problem with a focus on the limit functions.

Contribution

It introduces a new analysis of the inhomogeneous singular perturbation for the p(x)-Laplacian and characterizes the limit free boundary problem under suitable assumptions.

Findings

Established uniform Lipschitz regularity of solutions.

Proved convergence to a free boundary problem as perturbation parameter tends to zero.

Identified the free boundary as a C^{1,α} surface near flat points.

Abstract

In this paper we study the following singular perturbation problem for the $p_\varepsilon(x)$-Laplacian: \[ \Delta_{p_\varepsilon(x)}u^\varepsilon:=\mbox{div}(|\nabla u^\varepsilon(x)|^{p_\varepsilon(x)-2}\nabla u^\varepsilon)={\beta}_{\varepsilon}(u^\varepsilon)+f_\varepsilon, \quad u^\varepsilon\geq 0, \] where $\varepsilon>0$, ${\beta}_{\varepsilon}(s)={1 \over \varepsilon} \beta({s \over \varepsilon})$, with $\beta$ a Lipschitz function satisfying $\beta>0$ in $(0,1)$, $\beta\equiv 0$ outside $(0,1)$ and $\int \beta(s)\, ds=M$. The functions $u^\varepsilon$, $f_\varepsilon$ and $p_\varepsilon$ are uniformly bounded. We prove uniform Lipschitz regularity, we pass to the limit $(\varepsilon\to 0)$ and we show that, under suitable assumptions, limit functions are weak solutions to the free boundary problem: $u\ge0$ and \[ \begin{cases} \Delta_{p(x)}u= f & \mbox{in }\{u>0\}\\ u=0,\ |\nabla u| = \lambda^*(x) & \mbox{on }\partial\{u>0\} \end{cases} \] with $\lambda^*(x)=\Big(\frac{p(x)}{p(x)-1}\,M\Big)^{1/p(x)}$, $p=\lim p_\varepsilon$ and $f=\lim f_\varepsilon$. In \cite{LW4} we prove that the free boundary of a weak solution is a $C^{1,\alpha}$ surface near flat free boundary points. This result applies, in particular, to the limit functions studied in this paper.