The simplest 3-3-1 model

TL;DR

This paper introduces a minimal extension of the Standard Model based on the 3-3-1 gauge group, incorporating custodial symmetry to suppress Z-Z' mixing and flavor-changing neutral currents, and predicts new exotic particles with fractional electric charges.

Contribution

It presents a simplified 3-3-1 model with custodial symmetry that reduces flavor-changing currents and predicts new particles with fractional charges, expanding beyond previous models.

Findings

Z-Z' mixing is absent at tree level due to custodial symmetry.

Flavor-changing neutral currents are limited to three particles.

The model predicts new leptons and quarks with fractional electric charges.

Abstract

A simple extension of the Standard Model (SM), based on the gauge group $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_Y$ with $Y$ being the hypercharge, is considered. We show that, by imposing an approximate global $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ custodial symmetry at the SM energy scale, the $Z-Z'$ mixing is absent at tree level and the value of the $\rho$ parameter can be kept close to one. Tree-level flavor-changing neutral currents are also reduced to three particles, namely $Z'$, a CP-odd Higgs and a CP-even Higgs. The model predicts new leptons with electric charges of $\pm 1/2e$ and new quarks with $\pm 1/6e$ charges as well as new gauge and scalar bosons with $\pm 1/2e$ charges. Electric charge conservation requires that one of them must be stable. Their masses are unfortunately free parameters.