Alpha decay in electron environments of increasing density: from the bare nucleus to compressed matter

TL;DR

This paper investigates how increasing electron density in various environments affects alpha decay lifetimes, showing that higher densities can significantly shorten decay times, especially in high-density stellar matter.

Contribution

It introduces a simple model based on generalized Thomas-Fermi theory to quantify the impact of electron density on alpha decay lifetimes across different environments.

Findings

Lifetime reduction up to 10% at high densities

Effect measurable with current compression techniques

Potential significance in ultra-high-density stellar environments

Abstract

The influence of the electron environment on the alpha decay is elucidated. Within the frame of a simple model based on the generalized Thomas-Fermi theory of the atom, it is shown that the increase of the electron density around the parent nucleus drives a mechanism which shortens the lifetime. Numerical results are provided for 144Nd, 154Yb and 210Po. Depending on the nuclide, fractional lifetime reduction relative to the bare nucleus is of the order of 0.1-1% in free ions, neutral atoms and ordinary matter, but may reach up to 10% at matter densities as high as 10^4 g/cm3, in a high-Z matrix. The effect induced by means of state-of-the-art compression techniques, although much smaller than previously found, would however be measurable. The extent of the effect in ultra-high-density stellar environments might become significant and would deserve further investigation.