Discovery of a new bona fide luminous blue variable in Norma

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and spectral analysis of MN44, a confirmed luminous blue variable in Norma, showing brightness variability, spectral changes, and possible binary nature, expanding understanding of LBV characteristics.

Contribution

First confirmed LBV in Norma with detailed spectral and brightness variability analysis, including potential binary association, providing new insights into LBV behavior and evolution.

Findings

MN44 is the 17th known Galactic bona fide LBV.

Spectral changes indicate the star became hotter over time.

Brightness variability observed over 30 years, including a recent decrease and subsequent increase.

Abstract

We report the results of optical spectroscopy of the candidate evolved massive star MN44 revealed via detection of a circular shell with the Spitzer Space Telescope. First spectra taken in 2009 May--June showed the Balmer lines in emission as well as numerous emission lines of iron, which is typical of luminous blue variables (LBVs) near the visual maximum. New observations carried out in 2015 May--September detected significant changes in the spectrum, indicating that the star became hotter. We found that these changes are accompanied by significant brightness variability of MN44. In particular, the I_c-band brightness decreased by \approx 1.6 mag during the last six years and after reaching its minimum in 2015 June has started to increase. Using archival data, we also found that the I_c-band brightness increased by \approx 3 mag in \approx 30 yr preceding our observations. MN44 therefore represents the seventeenth known example of the Galactic bona fide LBVs. We detected a nitrogen-rich knot to the northwest of the star, which might represent an interstellar cloudlet interacting with the circumstellar shell. We discuss a possible association between MN44 and the INTEGRAL transient source of hard X-ray emission IGR J16327-4940, implying that MN44 might be either a colliding-wind binary or a high-mass X-ray binary.