Vector-borne diseases models with residence times - a Lagrangian perspective

TL;DR

This paper develops a multi-patch, multi-group disease model incorporating host residence times, analyzing how environmental risk and heterogeneity influence disease dynamics and the basic reproduction number.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework combining residence times with patch-host interactions, providing insights into disease stability and prevalence in structured populations.

Findings

The model's disease-free equilibrium is globally stable if R0 ≤ 1.

A unique endemic equilibrium exists and is stable if R0 > 1.

Residence times significantly impact disease prevalence and R0.

Abstract

A multi-patch and multi-group modeling framework describing the dynamics of a class of diseases driven by the interactions between vectors and hosts structured by groups is formulated. Hosts' dispersal is modeled in terms of patch-residence times with the nonlinear dynamics taking into account the \textit{effective} patch-host size. The residence times basic reproduction number $\mathcal R_0$ is computed and shown to depend on the relative environmental risk of infection. The model is robust, that is, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable (GAS) if $\mathcal R_0\leq1$ and a unique interior endemic equilibrium is shown to exist that is GAS whenever $\mathcal R_0>1$ whenever the configuration of host-vector interactions is irreducible. The effects of \textit{patchiness} and \textit{groupness}, a measure of host-vector heterogeneous structure, on the basic reproduction number $\mathcal R_0$, are explored. Numerical simulations are carried out to highlight the effects of residence times on disease prevalence.